The pioneer of test-tube baby dies
A file photo of Professor Robert Edwards with two of his “test-tube babies”, Sophie and Jack Emery—AP
British scientist Robert Edwards, who was awarded a Nobel prize for his pioneering work in developing in vitro fertilisation (IVF), died on Wednesday aged 87, his university announced.
Edwards spent his career making the dream of having a baby come true for millions of people worldwide, running into conflict with the Catholic Church and fellow scientists on his way.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2010, three decades after the birth of the world's first test-tube baby, Louise Brown, in 1978, and five decades after he first began experimenting.
“It is with deep sadness that the family announces that Professor Sir Robert Edwards, Nobel prizewinner, scientist and co-pioneer of IVF, passed away peacefully in his sleep on April 10, 2013 after a long illness,” the University of Cambridge said in a statement. “He will be greatly missed by family, friends and colleagues.”
Edwards was too frail to pick up his Nobel prize in Stockholm in 2010, leaving that to his wife Ruth, with whom he had five daughters. However, he remained a fellow of Churchill College at Cambridge until his death.
His work was motivated by his belief, as he once described it, that “the most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child”.
“Bob Edwards is one of our greatest scientists," said Mike Macnamee, chief executive of Bourn Hall, the IVF clinic that Edwards founded with Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecological surgeon.
“His inspirational work in the early 1960s led to a breakthrough that has enhanced the lives of millions of people worldwide.”
He added: “It was a privilege to work with him and his passing is a great loss to us all.” Born in Yorkshire in northern England on September 27, 1925, into a working-class family, Edwards served in the British army during World War II before returning home to study first agricultural sciences and then animal genetics.
Building on earlier research which showed that egg cells from rabbits could be fertilised in test tubes when sperm was added, Edwards developed the same technique for humans. In a laboratory in Cambridge, eastern England, in 1968, he first saw life created outside the womb in the form of a human blastocyst, an embryo that has developed for five to six days after fertilisation.
“I’ll never forget the day I looked down the microscope and saw something funny in the cultures," Edwards once recalled.
“I looked down the microscope and what I saw was a human blastocyst gazing up at me. I thought: 'We've done it'.”
But Edwards and Steptoe, who died in 1988, were forced to defend their work in the face of severe opposition, from the media, the Catholic Church — and fellow scientists. At a conference on biomedical ethics in Washington in 1971, the Nobel laureate James Watson, who with Francis Crick had discovered DNA, said IVF research would necessitate infanticide. Addressing the conference, Edwards defended his work with the passion and energy that characterised all his work, and received a standing ovation. He remained convinced to the end that the Catholic Church is wrong to object to IVF.
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