Iran has set up new equipment that will allow it to boost its efficiency at enriching uranium at higher levels, diplomats said on Friday. The move is likely to give the US more leverage with Russia and China in its push for new UN sanctions on Tehran.
Iran’s clandestine enrichment activities were discovered eight years ago and have expanded since to encompass thousands of centrifuges churning out material enriched to 3.5 per cent. But despite three sets of Security Council sanctions meant to enforce demands of a freeze, Tehran moved to a new level in February, when it set up a small programme to produce material enriched to near 20 per cent.
Tehran denies any interest in developing nuclear arms and says it needs the higher enriched uranium to supply its research reactor with fuel after a UN-supported deal to provide the material from abroad fell apart. But the move has increased concerns because it brings the Islamic Republic closer to the ability to produce warhead material.
Uranium at 3.5 per cent, can be used to fuel reactors — which is Iran’s avowed purpose for enrichment. If enriched to around 95 per cent, however, it can be used in building a nuclear bomb, and at 20 per cent, uranium can be turned into weapons-grade material much more quickly than from lower levels.
The 20-per cent uranium is being produced by a “cascade” — 164 centrifuges hooked up in series. The diplomats said that Iranian technicians had in recent weeks assembled another 164-centrifuge cascade and the throw of a switch appeared ready to activate it to support the machines already turning out small amounts of near 20-per cent uranium. One of the diplomats, from a member country of the International Atomic Energy Agency, said the new cascade is meant to reprocess the waste produced by the equipment now in operation and produce more enriched material from it.
An IAEA-backed plan that offered nuclear fuel rods for Tehran’s research reactor in exchange for most of Iran’s stock of lower-level enriched uranium initially raised Western hopes that it could temporarily curb Iran’s capacity to make a nuclear bomb. But it hit a dead end last year after Iran rejected it, though the country’s leaders have since tried to keep the offer on the table, proposing variations without accepting the original terms.
As the standoff continues, Russia and China — two veto-wielding Security Council members normally against sanctions — are signalling increased willingness to support a new round of UN penalties meant to punish the Iranian government for its nuclear defiance. At UN headquarters on Thursday, US ambassador Susan Rice said that talks on a US-drafted sanctions resolution are making “good progress.”