Periodic jumps generated in the Earth’s core change the length of a day every 5.9 years on our planet, a new study has found.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool in UK studied the variations and fluctuations in the length of the day over a one to 10-year period between 1962 and 2012.
They found that variations in the length of day over periods of between one and 10 years are caused by processes in the Earth’s core. The Earth rotates once per day, but the length of this day varies. A year, 300 million years ago, lasted about 450 days and a day would last about 21 hours, researchers said.
As a result of the slowing down of the Earth’s rotation the length of day has increased.
The rotation of the Earth on its axis is affected by a number of other factors — for example, the force of the wind against mountain ranges changes the length of the day by plus or minus a millisecond over a period of a year. Prof. Richard Holme, from the School of Environmental Sciences studied the variations and fluctuations. The study took account of the effects on the Earth’s rotation of atmospheric and oceanic processes to produce a model of the variations.
“The model shows well-known variations on decadal time scales, but importantly resolves changes over periods between one and 10 years,” said Prof. Holme.
Previously these changes were poorly characterised; the study shows they can be explained by just two key signals, a steady 5.9 year oscillation and episodic jumps which occur at the same time as abrupt changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, generated in the Earth’s core.