The top leadership body of Egypt’s ruling party resigned Saturday, including President Hosni Mubarak’s son, but the regime appeared to be digging in its heels, calculating that it can ride out street demonstrations and keep President Mubarak in office.
The ruling party leaders who resigned included the country’s most powerful political figures — and its most unpopular among many Egyptians. The move may have been aimed at convincing protesters in the streets that the regime is sincere in implementing democratic reforms they demand. But state TV, announcing the resignations, still identified head of state Mubarak as president of the ruling party in a sign he would remain in authority. And Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq said Saturday that stability was returning to the country, appearing confident that a deal on future reforms can be reached with the multiple Opposition movements to defuse protests without the 82-year-old Mubarak necessarily leaving power immediately. Leaders of Egypt’s unprecedented wave of anti-government protests have held talks with the Prime Minister over ways to ease President Hosni Mubarak out of office.
State TV said the top leadership body of Egypt’s ruling party, including the President’s son, Gamal Mubarak, and party secretary-general Safwat el-Sharif, resigned Saturday in a new gesture apparently aimed at convincing anti-government protesters that the regime is serious about reform. Protesters have shrugged off other concessions by the regime in the past 12 days of unprecedented street demonstrations, saying they will settle for nothing less than the immediate ouster of President Mubarak. State TV said the ruling party’s six-member Steering Committee of the General Secretariat stepped down and was replaced. The council was the party’s highest decision-making body. El-Sharif was replaced by Hossam Badrawi, a party figure who had been sidelined within its ranks in recent years because of his sharp criticisms of some policies. The new appointments to the body were largely young figures, one of the replacements, Mohammed Kamal, told AP. “It’s a good change. It reflects the mood of change that is sweeping the country,” he said.
The announcement was greeted with scorn by some of the tens of thousands of protesters in Cairo’s Tahrir Square. Wael Khalil, a 45-year-old activist, said it would “reinforce their (protesters’) resolve and increase their confidence because it shows that they are winning, and the regime is retreating inch by inch.”
A self-declared group of Egypt’s elite — called the “group of wise men” — has circulated ideas to try to break the deadlock. Among them is a proposal that Mubarak “deputise” his vice-president, Suleiman, with his powers and step down in everything but name, perhaps keeping the presidency title for the time being at least.
Tens of thousands gathered Saturday in Tahrir, waving flags and chanting a day after some 100,000 massed there in an intensified demonstration labelled “the day of departure” in hopes it would be the day Mubarak leaves. Their unprecedented 12-day movement has entered a delicate new phase. Organisers fear that without the pressure of protesters on the street, Mubarak’s regime will enact only cosmetic reforms and try to preserve its grip on power. So they are reluctant to lift their demonstrations without the concrete gain of Mubarak’s ouster and a transition mechanism that guarantees a real move to democracy afterward.
From its side, the government has sought to draw Opposition parties and the youth groups involved in the protests into immediate negotiations on constitutional reforms so presidential elections can be held in September to replace Mubarak. Protest organisers, wary of a trap, have refused until Mubarak goes.
At a press conference aired on state TV, Shafiq suggested the government hopes to convince enough factions to enter talks that the others will be forced to join in. Asked whether the Muslim Brotherhood, for example, will enter talks, Shafiq said, “Once they find the others are (for) negotiation, for sure they will or they will be left alone ... The level of aspirations is going down day by day.” He noted that the protesters had changed their slogan from “day of departure” to a “week of steadfastness”, saying this was “because they failed on Friday” to force out Mubarak. “All this leads to stability,” he said.
Government officials, meanwhile, sought to depict that normalcy was returning to Cairo. State TV announced that banks and courts will reopen Sunday, the start of Egypt’s work week, though daily bank withdrawals will be limited to $15,000 and the stock market will remain shut at least through Monday.
Shafiq’s comments pointed to what could be the regime’s strategy in the coming phase: isolate protests but let them go on in hopes they burn out from exhaustion while trying to keep the government Mubarak installed last week in place to direct the reform process. Shafiq and vice-president Omar Suleiman — both military men like Mubarak and regime stalwarts put in their posts last week — have taken the lead in trying to arrange reform negotiations. Egypt’s top ally, the US, has pressed Mubarak, who has ruled for nearly three decades with an authoritarian hand, to launch a democratic transition immediately and step aside quickly. The administration has held behind-the-scenes talks with Egyptian officials on a variety of ways to do that, including a proposal that Mubarak step down now and hand power to Suleiman. President Barack Obama stopped short of calling for Mubarak’s immediate resignation, but said Friday the Egyptian leader should think about his legacy and exit office in a way that ensures peace and democracy. “My hope is — is that he will end up making the right decision.”
The “wise men”, who are separate from the protesters on the ground, have met twice in recent days with Suleiman and Shafiq, said Amr el-Shobaki, a member of the group. Their proposals also call for the dissolving of the Parliament monopolised by the ruling party and the end of emergency laws that give security forces near-unlimited powers. “The stumbling point remains that of the President stepping down,” el-Shobaki said. The “wise men” comprise about a dozen prominent public figures and jurists, including former Cabinet minister and lawyer Ahmed Kamal Aboul-Magd, businessman Naguib Sawiris and academics like el-Shobaki. “We don’t represent the youth on the ground. We keep in touch with them,” said el-Shobaki. Late Friday, a delegation from the protesters themselves meet Shafiq to discuss ways out of the impasse, said Abdel-Rahman Youssef, a youth activist who participated in the meeting. He underlined that the contacts were not negotiations. “It was a message to see how to resolve the crisis. The message is that they must recognise the legitimacy of the revolution and that the President must leave one way or the other, either real or political departure,” he told AP.
The protesters are looking into the proposal floated by the “wise men”, said Youssef, who is part of the youth movement connected to Nobel Peace laureate and prominent reform advocate Mohamed ElBaradei. “It could be a way out of the crisis,” Youssef said. “But the problem is in the President... he is not getting it ... that he has become a burden on everybody, psychologically, civicly and militarily.”
Israa Abdel-Fattah, a member of the April 6 group, another of the youth movements driving the demonstrations, said there is support for the wise men’s proposal among protesters.
Youssef underlined that the 12-day-old protests will continue in Tahrir Square until Mubarak goes in an acceptable way. “There is no force that can get the youth out of the square. Every means was used. Flexibility, violence, live ammunition, and even thugs, and the protesters are still steadfast,” he said.
On Saturday, soldiers guarding the square tried to remove burned and gutted vehicles that protesters used as barricades during the fighting, but protesters argued with them for the vehicles to remain in case violence erupts again.
Rumours also circulated in the square that the military — which has surrounded Tahrir Square for days — was preparing to withdraw, so some protesters lay on the ground in front of tanks to prevent them. The protesters see the military as a degree of protection from police or regime supporters they fear will attack again.
The protest organisers themselves are a mix of small movements who managed to draw broadbased support among a public disenchanted with Mubarak’s rule. The majority are young secular leftists and liberals, who launched the wave of protests though an Internet campaign, but the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood also has built a prominent role.
Suleiman and Shafiq say they want negotiations with all the factions, promising their voices will be heard.
Protesters, however, distrust a process conducted by the current government, given the regime’s overwhelming domination of the playing field, including a grip on security services and the media, a vast patronage system, a Constitution that effectively enshrines its monopoly and a history of rigging elections.
ElBaradei has argued that the current leadership be replaced by a presidential council of several figures — including a military representative — to oversee the daunting process of loosening that grip, which he says will take a year.